The technology for Leap Motion was first developed in 2008, while co-founder David Holz was studying for a Ph.D. in mathematics.^[3][4] Holz co-founded the company with Michael Buckwald in 2010.^[2] The company raised a $1.3M seed financing round in June 2011 with investments from venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz, Founders Fund, and SOSV, as well as several angel investors.^[5] In May 2012, Leap Motion announced a $12.75M Series A funding round led by Highland Capital Partners.^[6] In January 2013, Leap Motion announced a further series B round of funding for $30M.^[7]

After operating in quiet since 2010, Leap Motion publicly announced its first product, originally called The Leap, on May 21, 2012. The company launched a software developer program in October 2012^[8] and distributed roughly 12,000 units to developers interested in creating applications for the device. While the device was slated to launch in May 2013, full-scale shipping was later delayed until July.^[9] In March 2014, it was reported in TechCrunch that roughly 500,000 units had been sold, far short of initial expectations; as a result, Leap Motion announced layoffs for 10 percent of its workforce, primarily in sales and marketing.^[10]

On April 7, 2014 COO Andy Miller left the company.^[11] In May 2014, Leap Motion released its version 2 software to developers in a public beta.^[12][13][14] In August 2014, the company launched a VR tracking mode for its core software, designed to provide hand tracking while the device is mounted on virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift.^[15][16]Later that year, Leap Motion launched a global game jam in partnership with independent games festival IndieCade with over $75,000 in prizes. The competition received over 150 submissions.^[17] A second competition in 2015 resulted in 189 entries.^[18]

In March 2015, it was announced that the upcoming OSVR Hacker Development Kit would include an optional faceplate with embedded Leap Motion module.^[19] In February 2016, Leap Motion released new software, called Orion, built specifically for VR.^[20]

The Leap Motion controller is a small USB peripheral device which is designed to be placed on a physical desktop, facing upward. It can also be mounted onto a virtual reality headset. Using two monochromatic IR cameras and three infrared LEDs, the device observes a roughly hemispherical area, to a distance of about 1 meter. The LEDs generate pattern-less IR light^[27] and the cameras generate almost 200 frames per second of reflected data.^[28] This is then sent through a USB cable to the host computer, where it is analyzed by the Leap Motion software using "complex maths" in a way that has not been disclosed by the company, in some way synthesizing 3D position data by comparing the 2D frames generated by the two cameras.^[29][30] In a 2013 study, the overall average accuracy of the controller was shown to be 0.7 millimeters.^[31]

The smaller observation area and higher resolution of the device differentiates the product from the Kinect, which is more suitable for whole-body tracking in a space the size of a living room.^[32] In a demonstration to CNET, the controller was shown to perform tasks such as navigating a website, using pinch-to-zoom gestures on maps, high-precision drawing, and manipulating complex 3D data visualizations.^[32]

Leap Motion initially distributed thousands of units to developers who are interested in creating applications for the device. The Leap Motion controller was first shipped in July 2013.^[9] In February 2016, Leap Motion released a major beta update to its core software. Dubbed Orion, the software is designed for hand tracking in virtual reality.^[33

In December 2013, Founders Fund and SOSV announced the LEAP.AXLR8R, a business accelerator for startups making innovative use of the Leap Motion controller.^[35][36] Projects emerging from the accelerator included Diplopia (now Vivid Vision), a tech startup using the Leap Motion Controller and Oculus Rift for lazy eye sufferers,^[37][38][39] and MotionSavvy, which is developing a Leap Motion-equipped tablet case that can interpret American Sign Language.^[40][41]

Leap Motion has an app store called Airspace where it sells apps made by developers.^[42][43] As of May 2014, the store had over 200 apps, including a Google Earth integration,^[44][45] virtual clay sculpting app,^[46][47] digital musical instrument,^[48] and virtual reality demos.^[19][49]

The Leap Motion controller has also been used by surgeons and researchers for medical software,^[50][51][52] automotive companies for concept cars,^[53] and musicians for composition in Ableton Live.^[54] In 2016, AltspaceVR added Leap Motion support to their online social platform

LinkedIn is the largest business and employment-oriented social networking platform in the world and enables you to easily connect to opportunities and tap into your professional potentials. It also makes it easier for you to discover, connect and nurture relationships with important people, search and apply for good jobs, and get latest news of your followed topics and companies.

And the most important part of such social networking apps is the personal information that you have filled in the beginning. Hence, in this prototype, we have added many relevant pages that allow users to fill their personal information in details. And the flow and logic of these pages are also really worth learning, if you are trying to build such a great social networking app prototype.

A binary code represents text, computer processor instructions, or other data using any two-symbol system, but often the binary number system's 0 and 1. The binary code assigns a pattern of binary digits (bits) to each character, instruction, etc. For example, a binary string of eight bits can represent any of 256 possible values and can therefore represent a variety of different items.

In computing and telecommunications, binary codes are used for various methods of encoding data, such as character strings, into bit strings. Those methods may use fixed-width or variable-width strings. In a fixed-width binary code, each letter, digit, or other character is represented by a bit string of the same length; that bit string, interpreted as a binary number, is usually displayed in code tables in octal, decimal or hexadecimalnotation. There are many character sets and many character encodings for them.

A bit string, interpreted as a binary number, can be translated into a decimal number. For example, the lower case a, if represented by the bit string 01100001 (as it is in the standard ASCII code), can also be represented as the decimal number 97.

The modern binary number system, the basis for binary code, was invented by Gottfried Leibniz in 1679 and appears in his article Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire. The full title is translated into English as the "Explanation of the binary arithmetic", which uses only the characters 1 and 0, with some remarks on its usefulness, and on the light it throws on the ancient Chinese figures of Fu Xi."^[1] (1703). Leibniz's system uses 0 and 1, like the modern binary numeral system. Leibniz encountered the I Ching through French Jesuit Joachim Bouvet and noted with fascination how its hexagramscorrespond to the binary numbers from 0 to 111111, and concluded that this mapping was evidence of major Chinese accomplishments in the sort of philosophical mathematics he admired.^[2][3] Leibniz saw the hexagrams as an affirmation of the universality of his own religious belief.^[3]

Binary numerals were central to Leibniz's theology. He believed that binary numbers were symbolic of the Christian idea of creatio ex nihilo or creation out of nothing.^[4] Leibniz was trying to find a system that converts logic’s verbal statements into a pure mathematical one. After his ideas were ignored, he came across a classic Chinese text called I Ching or ‘Book of Changes’, which used a type of binary code. The book had confirmed his theory that life could be simplified or reduced down to a series of straightforward propositions. He created a system consisting of rows of zeros and ones. During this time period, Leibniz had not yet found a use for this system.^[5]

Binary systems predating Leibniz also existed in the ancient world. The aforementioned I Ching that Leibniz encountered dates from the 9th century BC in China.^[6] The binary system of the I Ching, a text for divination, is based on the duality of yin and yang.^[7] Slit drums with binary tones are used to encode messages across Africa and Asia.^[7] The Indian scholar Pingala (around 5th–2nd centuries BC) developed a binary system for describing prosody in his Chandashutram.^[8][9]

George Boole

The residents of the island of Mangareva in French Polynesia were using a hybrid binary-decimal system before 1450.^[10] In the 11th century, scholar and philosopher Shao Yong developed a method for arranging the hexagrams which corresponds, albeit unintentionally, to the sequence 0 to 63, as represented in binary, with yin as 0, yang as 1 and the least significant bit on top. The ordering is also the lexicographical order on sextuples of elements chosen from a two-element set.^[11]

In 1605 Francis Bacon discussed a system whereby letters of the alphabet could be reduced to sequences of binary digits, which could then be encoded as scarcely visible variations in the font in any random text.^[12] Importantly for the general theory of binary encoding, he added that this method could be used with any objects at all: "provided those objects be capable of a twofold difference only; as by Bells, by Trumpets, by Lights and Torches, by the report of Muskets, and any instruments of like nature".^[12]

Another mathematician and philosopher by the name of George Boole published a paper in 1847 called 'The Mathematical Analysis of Logic' that describes an algebraic system of logic, now known as Boolean algebra. Boole’s system was based on binary, a yes-no, on-off approach that consisted of the three most basic operations: AND, OR, and NOT.^[13] This system was not put into use until a graduate student from Massachusetts Institute of Technology by the name of Claude Shannon noticed that the Boolean algebra he learned was similar to an electric circuit. Shannon wrote his thesis in 1937, which implemented his findings. Shannon's thesis became a starting point for the use of the binary code in practical applications such as computers, electric circuits, and more.^[14]

Li-Fi is a bidirectional, high-speed and fully networked wireless communication technology similar to Wi-Fi. The term was coined by Harald Haas^[1] and is a form of optical wireless communications (OWC) and uses the visible spectrum as well as ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Li-Fi could be a complement to RF communication (Wi-Fi or cellular networks), or even a replacement in contexts of data broadcasting. It is currently being developed by many organisations all over the world.

It is wire and UV visible-light communication or infrared and near-ultraviolet instead of radio-frequency spectrum, part of optical wireless communications technology, which carries much more information and has been proposed as a solution to the RF-bandwidth limitations.^[2]

This OWC technology uses light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a medium to deliver networked, mobile, high-speed communication in a similar manner to Wi-Fi.^[3] The Li-Fi market is projected to have a compound annual growth rate of 82% from 2013 to 2018 and to be worth over $6 billion per year by 2018.^[4]

Visible light communications (VLC) works by switching the current to the LEDs off and on at a very high rate,^[5] too quick to be noticed by the human eye. Although Li-Fi LEDs would have to be kept on to transmit data, they could be dimmed to below human visibility while still emitting enough light to carry data.^[6] The light waves cannot penetrate walls which makes a much shorter range, though more secure from hacking, relative to Wi-Fi.^[7][8] Direct line of sight is not necessary for Li-Fi to transmit a signal; light reflected off the walls can achieve 70 Mbit/s.^[9][10]

Li-Fi has the advantage of being useful in electromagnetic sensitive areas such as in aircraft cabins, hospitals and nuclear power plants without causing electromagnetic interference.^[7][11][8] Both Wi-Fi and Li-Fi transmit data over the electromagnetic spectrum, but whereas Wi-Fi utilizes radio waves, Li-Fi uses visible light, Ultraviolet and Infrared. While the US Federal Communications Commission has warned of a potential spectrum crisis because Wi-Fi is close to full capacity, Li-Fi has almost no limitations on capacity.^[12]The visible light spectrum is 10,000 times larger than the entire radio frequency spectrum.^[13] Researchers have reached data rates of over 224 Gbit/s, which is much faster than typical fast broadband in 2013.^[14][15] Li-Fi is expected to be ten times cheaper than Wi-Fi.^[6] Short range, low reliability and high installation costs are the potential downsides.^[4][5]

PureLiFi demonstrated the first commercially available Li-Fi system, the Li-1st, at the 2014 Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.^[16]

Bg-Fi is a Li-Fi system consisting of an application for a mobile device, and a simple consumer product, like an IoT (Internet of Things) device, with color sensor, microcontroller, and embedded software. Light from the mobile device display communicates to the color sensor on the consumer product, which converts the light into digital information. Light emitting diodes enable the consumer product to communicate synchronously with the mobile device.^[17

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and worldwide payment system.^[8]:3 It is the first decentralized digital currency, as the system works without a central bank or single administrator.^[8]:1[9] The network is peer-to-peer and transactions take place between users directly through the use of cryptography, without an intermediary.^[8]:4 These transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. Bitcoin was invented by an unknown person or group of people under the name Satoshi Nakamoto^[10] and released as open-source software in 2009.^[11]

Bitcoins are created as a reward for a process known as mining. They can be exchanged for other currencies,^[12] products, and services. As of February 2015, over 100,000 merchants and vendors accepted bitcoin as payment.^[13] Research produced by the University of Cambridge estimates that in 2017, there are 2.9 to 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin.^[14]